Purusha
The "Soul" lives in the
body so it is considered as purusha, as anyone who live in this home
i.e. body is called purusha. In ayurveda the body has no meaning without
purusha (soul). Two meanings of soul are to be considered the ayurvedic
concept regarding the purusha: First meaning is considered for "Jeevetma"
(soul)) which is called as "shuddha purusha".
Second meaning is considered for body along with soul (living body)
which is named as "karma purusha". The living body is
responsible or required for performance by the purusha or Jeevetma,
hence the body along with purusha (soul) is named as "Karma Purusha".
Whole ayurveda is compiled for the betterment of karma purusha and thus
it holds great importance in ayurveda.
Different Classification of Purusha
On the basis of the constituents karma purusha are classified as the
following categories:
Ek dhatwatmak Purusha (one constituent)- Jeevatma (soul) is
considered as a Ek dhatwatmak Purusha (One constituent Purusha). It is
also called as shuddha (Pura) Purusha.
Karma Purusha- The body along with its soul is considered as
Karma Purusha.
It is classified as followed on the basis of its constituents.
Dwi dhatwatmak Purusha(Two constituent)- Combination of shuddha
Purusha (Jeevatma i.e. Soul) and body. Purusha + body
Tri dhatwatmak Purusha (Three constituent)- Combination of
shudha Purusha and body connected by satva (Mana i.e. mind)
Panchadhatwatmak (Five constituents)
This indicates the constituent of body only because it is the only
visible part in the (Karma Purusha). This body is made up of
panchamahabhoota.
Shad dhatwatmak Purusha(Six constituents)
According to this Karma Purusha has six constituent i.e. Panchmahabhoot
and Atma.
Sapta dhatwatmak Purusha (Seven constituent)
It has two theory, the first implies that it is composed of
panchmahabhoot. Mana and Atma. Second implies that it is made up of
seven dhatus of the body which are responsible to maintain the Seven
dhatus are Ras, Rakta, Mansa, Meda, Asthi, Majja & shukra.
Chaturvinsati dhatwatmak Purusha (twenty four constituents)
According to this theory of evolution of the universe ' Avyakt' gave
rise to 'Mahat'. From 'Mahata' arose Anhankara. 'Anhankara is considered
to be of three types, namely- Satvik, Tamsik and Rajasik. Satvik ahankar
along with tamasik anhakar give rise to Pancha gyanindriya i.e. Pancha
Karma indriuya and one ubhaya indriya (Mana). Whereas Tamasik ahankar
with Rajsik ahankar give rise to five tanmatra. These matras develop
panchamahabhoota. All these constituent from Avyakta to Mahabhoot count
to twenty-four. These constituents are categorized into two groups i.e.
Prakruti and vikar. There is a further classification of eight
constituents that fall under parukruti, namely: Aviakt, Mhat, Ahankar,
Five tanmatra (Sabde, Sparbhe, Rupa, Rase & gandha).
There are sixteen Vikratis, these vikratis are the by product and
cannot generate new things: Five gyan indriya, Five Karma indriya, one
mana (Ubhaya indriya) and Five maha bhootas.
Twenty five dhatwatmak Purusha(Twenty five constituents)
The combination of atma (sadha purusha) and the twenty four
constituents of karma purusha it becomes twenty five constituents of
karma purusha. It is now that the development takes place but with the
increase in age this force decreases and hence death occurs.
In ayurveda the body (sharir) is known as the deha and is defined as
the the adhisthan (home place) of Chatra (Soul) which is composed of
Pancha Mahabhoota and its vikar (By Product). Dhatu, which forms the
main infrastructure of the body is concerned with the word vikara, the
doshas, dhatus & mala are the byproduct of pancha mahabhoota.
According to shushruta.
The sharir is thus defined as the mixing of Shukra and Ova along with
Atma (soul), Prakruti.
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